The creation of a society where cooperation, equality, and communal living replace competition and individualism, leading to improved living conditions for all.
Owenism is a socio-economic philosophy that emerged in the early 19th century, named after Robert Owen, a Welsh textile manufacturer, philanthropic social reformer, and one of the founders of utopian socialism and the cooperative movement. Owen's philosophy was a critique of the industrial capitalism of his time, which he believed led to social inequality and injustice.
Owenism is based on the belief that human character is formed by the environment in which individuals live and work. Therefore, by creating the right conditions, society could shape individuals into cooperative, productive, and happy beings. Owen proposed the establishment of self-sufficient communities, known as "villages of cooperation," where people would live and work together for mutual benefit. These communities would be characterized by equality, with everyone receiving an equal share of the benefits of their labor.
Owen's ideas were revolutionary for his time, challenging the prevailing laissez-faire economic system and the harsh conditions of the working class during the Industrial Revolution. He put his theories into practice at his cotton mills in New Lanark, Scotland, where he introduced improved working conditions, education for children, and affordable housing.
Owenism gained significant popularity in the 1830s and 1840s, particularly in Britain and the United States. Owenites established several communities based on Owen's principles, although most were short-lived. Despite this, Owenism had a lasting impact, influencing the development of the trade union movement, the cooperative movement, and later socialist and communist thought.
While Owenism as a distinct movement faded by the mid-19th century, its principles continue to influence contemporary socio-economic theories and practices. Owen's emphasis on cooperation, community, and social responsibility can be seen in various forms of social enterprise and cooperative business models today. His belief in the importance of education and the environment in shaping individuals also resonates with modern understandings of social development.
How similar are your political beliefs to Owenism issues? Take the political quiz to find out.
